class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Factors affecting frequency of Volcanic eruptions ## And Visualisations of their Global Distrubution ### x404-pagenotfound
Emma, Bridget, Sachin ### University of Edinburgh ### 4 December 2020 --- class: center, middle ## What factors affect the frequency of volcanic eruptions? --- background-image: url(https://camo.githubusercontent.com/4295e3eef5545f83277639df7e7b73fa7de3bc5722c0da60d5ff44b6e1f3df8d/68747470733a2f2f75706c6f61642e77696b696d656469612e6f72672f77696b6970656469612f636f6d6d6f6e732f7468756d622f332f33342f4572757063692543332542336e5f656e5f656c5f766f6c632543332541316e5f536162616e636179612532435f5065722543332542412e6a70672f3132383070782d4572757063692543332542336e5f656e5f656c5f766f6c632543332541316e5f536162616e636179612532435f5065722543332542412e6a7067) class: inverse, center, middle # Volcano Data Set --- # World Map showing Number of Volcanic Eruptions <img src="presentation_files/figure-html/World-Map-1.png" width="80%" /> ---
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--- #What are the variables crust and tectonic setting? Volcano formation concerns the top two layers of the earth- the crust(composed of sections known as tectonic plates, this is the surface) and the mantle(the second outermost layer formed of partially molten rock (magma) which moves very slowly). .pull-left[ #Plates and Crust type The crust variable refers to the crust type and thickness of the plate the volcano is on, In our data there are four categories: -Continental (>25 km)- land plates -Oceanic (< 15 km)- sea plates -Intermediate (15-25 km) - unclear but potentially plates that lie outside the average thickness for oceanic or continental -Unknown ] .pull-right[ #Tectonic Settings The tectonic setting is the movement of the plates and mantle that causes the volcano to form, given as the variables: *Subduction zone:* An oceanic plate moves beneath a continental plate, forming more magma which then forms a volcano on the continental plate *Rift zone:* Two plates move away from each other forming a gap for mantle to move through forming a volcano. *Intraplate:* A much hotter area of the mantle causes magma to rise to the surface to form a volcano.] --- # Map eruptions by tectonic plate type .pull-left[
] .pull-right[ #Tectonic Setting red= Intraplate blue= Rift Zone green= Subduction Zone ] --- # Map of Crust type .pull-left[
] .pull-right[ #Crust types red=continental yellow=intermediate blue=oceanic purple=unknown ] --- # Model frequency by crust type A linear model was initially fit to the data to try to predict how many times the volcano would erupt depending on the crust type, however: .pull-left[ #Residuals The residuals plot shows three distinct clusters of data for each different crust type: <img src="presentation_files/figure-html/crust-fit-residuals-1.png" width="80%" /> ] .pull-right[ #Adjusted R Squared In addition, the adjusted R squared value for this model was 0.002351574, meaning the model is only accurate for a very small proportion of the data. #Conclusion The two separate evaluations allowed us to conclude that the linear model was unsuitable for the data in hand.] --- # Model frequency by tectonic setting When modeling frequency by tectonic setting we encountered a very similar occurence. .pull-left[ #Residuals The residuals plot was again split into 3 clusters, one for each tectonic setting. <img src="presentation_files/figure-html/tec_setting-residuals-1.png" width="80%" /> ] .pull-right[ #Adjusted R squared The adjusted R squared value was 0.01215089, again only accounting for a very small portion of the data. # What we decided -Linear models weren't appropriate -Visualiations and comparison would answer our research question to the depth we'd initially planned for so general models wouldn't be necessary ] --- # Eruption Frequency on each crust <img src="presentation_files/figure-html/viz-1.png" width="80%" /> --- # Eruption frequency for each tectonic setting <img src="presentation_files/figure-html/viz2-1.png" width="80%" /> --- # Bar chart frequency by country by volcano type <img src="presentation_files/figure-html/eruptions-by-country-and-volcano-type-1.png" width="80%" /> --- # Bar chart frequency by volcano type <img src="presentation_files/figure-html/eruptions-by-volcano-type-1.png" width="80%" /> --- <img src="presentation_files/figure-html/count-volcanoes-by-volcano-type-1.png" width="80%" /> --- # Conclusion We believe the factors which affect volcanic eruptions according to our investigation are : -Location of volcano (position on tectonic plate) -Tectonic Plate Setting -Tectonic Plate Type -Crust Type -Primary Volcano Type We also hypothesize that there may be a relationship between these factors, based on our findings. --- #Future research/Investigation - Investigate the relationship between the factors which affect the volcanic eruptions - cause them to arise, how frequently they arise etc